A square and a pentagon seem to inhabit different worlds. The square's right angles seem incompatible with the pentagon's interesting shape. At first glance it doesn't seem likely that you could fold one from the other. The saying "You can't get there from here." comes to mind. Yet, through a shared connection with the golden mean, you can create a regular pentagon from a square piece of paper.
Fold a square piece of paper in half. Open.
Fold a diagonal of the right half.
Fold the bottom edge up so it lines up with the last crease.
Fold along the existing crease line so the point touches what was the bottom left corner of the paper. Open.
Fold the paper so that the crease goes through the top middle of the paper and the left edge of the paper touches the intersection of the two creases in the right half of the paper.
Fold the corner of the paper back along the crease line on the paper below it. Open the paper.
Fold the paper in half again.
Fold along the previous crease.
Fold the new crease in half.
Fold down along the edge of the paper.
Fold so the right-hand edge lines up with the edge.
Fold a mountain fold where the edges meet, folding the lower part back behind the upper part.
Fold a sharp crease along the edge of the paper shown. This crease will be the pentagon.
Open the paper to see a pentagon.
The crease created in step 2 is the square root of 5 units long. Step 4 marks a point 1 unit along that crease. The remainder is a segment of the correct length.